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PRIVATE PILOT GROUND COURSE Private Pilot Ground Course / David Griffith, CFI, AGI, M.Ed. Aerospace Phone: (865) 675-8698       Email: davidmgriff@yahoo.com Lesson G1 FAR, AIM, NTSB 830, PTS, LOGBOOKS LESSON OBJECTIVE: During this lesson, the student will be introduced to proper decision making, FARs, NTSB 830, the use of the AIM, pilot and aircraft logbooks, and other publications. CONTENT: Aeronautical Decision Making and Judgment 14 CFR Part 1 14 CFR Part 61 (Private / Student Limitations) Student pilots cannot carry passengers 14 CFR Part 67 14 CFR Part 91 14 CFR Part 141 NTSB 830 AIM Pilot Logbooks / Aircraft Logbooks Practical Test Standards FAA Advisory Circulars COMPLETION STANDARDS: At the completion of this lesson, the student will have knowledge of proper decision making, FARs applicable to student and private pilots, NTSB 830, the use of the AIM, pilot and aircraft logbooks, and other publications. REQUIRED STUDY: AC 61-23 / FAA-H-8083-25 Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge FAA-H-8083-3 Airplane Flying Handbook FAR / AIM Private Pilot Ground Course / David Griffith, CFI, AGI, M.Ed. Aerospace Phone: (865) 675-8698 Email: davidmgriff@yahoo.com Lesson G2 AIRPORTS LESSON OBJECTIVE: During this lesson, the student will be introduced to wind direction indicators, airport operations, runway incursions, and traffic avoidance CONTENT: Wind Direction Indicators Airport, Runway, and Taxiway Signs Airport, Runway, and Taxiway Markings Airport, Runway, and Taxiway Lighting Radio Calls and Checks CTAF Obtaining Airport Advisories Runway Incursions Collision Avoidance Scanning for Traffic Traffic Pattern Operations COMPLETION STANDARDS: At the completion of this lesson, the student will have a knowledge of wind indicators, airport operations, and traffic avoidance REQUIRED STUDY: AC 61-23 / FAA-H-8083-25 Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge FAA-H-8083-3 Airplane Flying Handbook FAR – 14 CFR Aviation Regulations AIM – Aeronautical Information Manual Private Pilot Ground Course / David Griffith, CFI, AGI, M.Ed. Aerospace Phone: (865) 675-8698 Email: davidmgriff@yahoo.com Lesson G3 AERODYNAMICS LESSON OBJECTIVE: During this lesson the student will be introduced to the four forces of flight, forces occurring on an aircraft not in straight and level flight, and the effects of flaps. CONTENT: 4 Forces of Flight Airframe Construction (Components) Three Axes of Flight Forces Acting on a Climbing Airplane Forces Acting on a Descending Airplane Forces Acting on a Turning Plane Effects of Flaps COMPLETION STANDARDS: At the completion of this lesson, the student will have a knowledge of the four forces of flight, the basic components of aircraft construction, forces acting on aircraft when not in straight and level flight, and the effect of flaps. REQUIRED STUDY: AC 61-23 / FAA-H-8083-25 Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge FAA-H-8083-3 Airplane Flying Handbook Private Pilot Ground Course / David Griffith, CFI, AGI, M.Ed. Aerospace Phone: (865) 675-8698 Email: davidmgriff@yahoo.com Lesson G4 AIRPLANE STABILITY, LOAD FACTORS, WAKE TURBULENCE LESSON OBJECTIVE: During this lesson, the student will be introduced to static and dynamic stability, the dihedral effect, load factors, ground effect, wing tip vortices, and wake turbulence and avoidance procedures CONTENT: Static Stability (Positive / Negative) Dynamic Stability (Positive / Negative) Dihedral Effect Ground Effect Wing Tip Vortices Wake Turbulence and Avoidance Load Factor and Gusts COMPLETION STANDARDS: At the completion of this lesson, the student will have knowledge of static and dynamic stability, the dihedral effect, load factors, ground effect, wing tip vortices, and wake turbulence and avoidance procedures REQUIRED STUDY: AC 61-23 / FAA-H-8083-25 Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge FAA-H-8083-3 Airplane Flying Handbook Private Pilot Ground Course / David Griffith, CFI, AGI, M.Ed. Aerospace Phone: (865) 675-8698 Email: davidmgriff@yahoo.com Lesson G5 AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE LESSON OBJECTIVE: During this lesson, the student will be introduced to the factors that affect performance, airplane weight and balance, basic performance charts, and wind calculations. CONTENT: Factors Affecting Performance Airplane Weight and Balance Basic Performance Charts Headwind / Crosswind Calculations COMPLETION STANDARDS: At the completion of this lesson, the student will have a knowledge of the factors that affect performance, how to calculate and interpret an airplane weigt and balance, how to use basic performance charts, and how to do headwind / crosswind calculations. REQUIRED STUDY: AC 61-23 / FAA-H-8083-25 Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge FAA-H-8083-3 Airplane Flying Handbook AFM / POH Airplane Flight Manual / Pilot Operating Handbook Private Pilot Ground Course / David Griffith, CFI, AGI, M.Ed. Aerospace Phone: (865) 675-8698 Email: davidmgriff@yahoo.com Lesson G6 WEATHER LESSON OBJECTIVE: During this lesson, the student will be introduced to the atmosphere and factors influencing aviation weather CONTENT: The Atmosphere Pressure Wind Moisture Humidity Stability Clouds Air Masses Fronts Frontal Weather Thunderstorms Other Hazardous Weather Conditions COMPLETION STANDARDS: At the completion of this lesson, the student will have a knowledge of basic atmospheric processes. REQUIRED STUDY: AC 00-45 AC 00-6 Aviation Weather AC 61-23 / FAA-H-8083-25 Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge FAA-H-8083-3 Airplane Flying Handbook Private Pilot Ground Course / David Griffith, CFI, AGI, M.Ed. Aerospace Phone: (865) 675-8698 Email: davidmgriff@yahoo.com Lesson G7 WEATHER REPORTS & FORECASTS LESSON OBJECTIVE: During this lesson, the student will be introduced to aviation weather charts and reports, and how to obtain a weather briefing. CONTENT: Area Forecasts / Surface Analysis Charts TAFs METARs Winds and Temperatures Aloft Pilot Reports Obtaining a Weather Briefing FSS / DUAT Standard / Abbreviated / Outlook Briefings COMPLETION STANDARDS: At the completion of this lesson, the student will have knowledge of aviation weather charts and reports, and the proper way to obtain a weather briefing. REQUIRED STUDY: AC 00-45 AC 00-6 AIM Private Pilot Ground Course / David Griffith, CFI, AGI, M.Ed. Aerospace Phone: (865) 675-8698 Email: davidmgriff@yahoo.com Lesson G8 WEATHER REPORTS & FORECASTS LESSON OBJECTIVE: During this lesson, the student will be introduced to radar reports, severe weather reports and forecasts, NOTAMs, AIRMETs, and SIGMETs. The student will also be introduced to proper decision making relative to obtaining and analyzing weather data. CONTENT: Radar Weather Reports Severe Weather Reports AIRMETs SIGMETs / Convective SIGMETs NOTAMs Wind Shear Reports Wind Shear Recognition and Avoidance Weather Related Aeronautical Decision Making and Judgment COMPLETION STANDARDS: At the completion of this lesson, the student will have a knowledge of radar weather reports, severe weather reports and forecasts, NOTAMs, AIRMETs, and SIGMETs and be able to make an appropriate decision regarding a flight based upon the relative weather data. REQUIRED STUDY: AC 00-45 AC 00-6 AIM Private Pilot Ground Course / David Griffith, CFI, AGI, M.Ed. Aerospace Phone: (865) 675-8698 Email: davidmgriff@yahoo.com Lesson G9 AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS LESSON OBJECTIVE: During this lesson, the student will be introduced to fuel systems, electrical systems, environmental systems, and wing flap systems. CONTENT: Fuel System Electrical System Environmental System Primary Flight Controls and Trim Systems Leading Edge Devices and Spoilers Wing Flap System COMPLETION STANDARDS: At the completion of this lesson, the student will have a knowledge of fuel, electrical, environmental, and wing flap systems. REQUIRED STUDY: AFM / POH Private Pilot Ground Course / David Griffith, CFI, AGI, M.Ed. Aerospace Phone: (865) 675-8698 Email: davidmgriff@yahoo.com Lesson G10 AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS LESSON OBJECTIVE: During this lesson, the student will be introduced to additional aircraft systems, the aircraft equipment list, and dealing with inoperative equipment. CONTENT: Powerplant Propeller Hydraulic System Ignition System Carb Heat / Air Induction System Aircraft Equipment List VFR Required Equipment Inoperative Equipment Landing Gear System Oil System COMPLETION STANDARDS: At the completion of this lesson, the student will have a knowledge of aircraft systems, the aircraft equipment list, and dealing with inoperative equipment. REQUIRED STUDY: AFM / POH FAR AIM Private Pilot Ground Course / David Griffith, CFI, AGI, M.Ed. Aerospace Phone: (865) 675-8698 Email: davidmgriff@yahoo.com Lesson G11 AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS MAINTENANCE LESSON OBJECTIVE: During this lesson, the student will be introduced to aircraft flight instruments and systems, and aircraft maintenance requirements. CONTENT: Vacuum System Gyroscopic Instruments Pitot-Static System Pitot-Static Instruments Electric Instruments Avionics Systems De-icing and Anti-Icing Systems Magnetic Compass and Associated Errors Maintenance Requirements Service Bulletins / Airworthiness Directives COMPLETION STANDARDS: At the completion of this lesson, the student will have a knowledge of the aircraft flight instruments and systems, and aircraft maintenance requirements. REQUIRED STUDY: AFM / POH Private Pilot Ground Course / David Griffith, CFI, AGI, M.Ed. Aerospace Phone: (865) 675-8698 Email: davidmgriff@yahoo.com Lesson G12 EMERGENCIES LESSON OBJECTIVE: During this lesson, the student will be introduced to emergency procedures. CONTENT: Emergency Procedures COMPLETION STANDARDS: At the completion of this lesson, the student will have a knowledge of the emergency procedures listed in the appropriate AFM / POH. REQUIRED STUDY: FAA-H-8083-3 AFM / POH FAR / AIM Private Pilot Ground Course / David Griffith, CFI, AGI, M.Ed. Aerospace Phone: (865) 675-8698 Email: davidmgriff@yahoo.com Lesson G13 AIRSPACE LESSON OBJECTIVE: During this lesson, the student will be introduced to controlled and uncontrolled airspace, the classes of airspace, and clouds clearances. CONTENT: Uncontrolled Airspace Controlled Airspace Class A Class B Class C Class D Class E Class G Special Use Airspace Cloud Clearance and Visibility Requirements COMPLETION STANDARDS: At the completion of this lesson, the student will have a knowledge of controlled and uncontrolled airspace, the classes of airspace, special use airspace, and cloud clearances. REQUIRED STUDY: FAR /AIM Private Pilot Ground Course / David Griffith, CFI, AGI, M.Ed. Aerospace Phone: (865) 675-8698 Email: davidmgriff@yahoo.com Lesson G14 CHARTS & PUBLICATIONS LESSON OBJECTIVE: During this lesson, the student will be introduced to VFR sectional charts and the Airport / Facility Directory CONTENT: VFR Sectional Charts Airport / Facility Directory Planning for Alternatives COMPLETION STANDARDS: At the completion of this lesson, the student will have a knowledge of VFR sectional charts and the Airport / Facility Directory. REQUIRED STUDY: VFR Sectional A/FD – Airport / Facility Directory Private Pilot Ground Course / David Griffith, CFI, AGI, M.Ed. Aerospace Phone: (865) 675-8698 Email: davidmgriff@yahoo.com Lesson G15 AEROMEDICAL LESSON OBJECTIVE: During this lesson, the student will be introduced to aeromedical factors. CONTENT: 14 CFR Part 67 The Inner Ear Middle Ear and Sinus Problems Spatial Disorientation The Eye Visual Illusions / Landing Illusions Hypoxia Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Hyperventilation Supplemental Oxygen Alcohol and Drugs Stress and Fatigue Dehydration COMPLETION STANDARDS: At the completion of this lesson, the student will have knowledge of aeromedical factors and how they relate to flying activities. REQUIRED STUDY: AC 61-23 / FAA-H-8083-25 FAR / AIM Private Pilot Ground Course / David Griffith, CFI, AGI, M.Ed. Aerospace Phone: (865) 675-8698 Email: davidmgriff@yahoo.com Lesson G16 PRINCIPLES OF NAVIGATION LESSON OBJECTIVE: During this lesson, the student will be introduced to principles of navigation. CONTENT: Effect of Wind Drift and Drift Correction Various Types of Aircraft Speeds Latitude and Longitude Earth’s Magnetism Variation Magnetic Compass Magnetic Compass Errors COMPLETION STANDARDS: At the completion of this lesson, the student will have knowledge of the principles of navigation. REQUIRED STUDY: AC 61-23 / FAA-H-8083-25 Faa-H-8083-3 Private Pilot Ground Course / David Griffith, CFI, AGI, M.Ed. Aerospace Phone: (865) 675-8698 Email: davidmgriff@yahoo.com Lesson G17 PUBLICATIONS & EQUIPMENT LESSON OBJECTIVE: During this lesson, the student will be introduced be introduced to various aeronautical publications and cross-country flight planning equipment. The minimum equipment list (MEL) will be introduced as well. CONTENT: Aircraft Equipment List VFR Sectional Chart Airport / Facility Directory VFR Terminal Area Chart Plotter Flight Computer Cockpit Management Minimum Equipment List Supplemental Oxygen COMPLETION STANDARDS: At the completion of this lesson, the student will have knowledge of aeronautical publications, cross-country flight planning equipment, and the MEL concept. REQUIRED STUDY: AC 61-23 / FAA-H-8083-25 FAA-H-8083-3 VFR Sectional Chart VFR Terminal Chart FAR / AIM A/FD Private Pilot Ground Course / David Griffith, CFI, AGI, M.Ed. Aerospace Phone: (865) 675-8698 Email: davidmgriff@yahoo.com Lesson G18 CROSS COUNTRY FLIGHT PLANNING LESSON OBJECTIVE: During this lesson, the student will be introduced to cross country flight planning. CONTENT: Applicable FARs Completing a Navigation Log http://flying.s5.com/navigationlog.doc Measuring True Course and Distance Picking Checkpoints and Altitudes Pilotage Airplane Flight Manual / Pilots Operating Handbook Performance Calculations COMPLETION STANDARDS: At the completion of this lesson, the student will have knowledge of cross country flight planning and cross country performance calculations. REQUIRED STUDY: AC 61-23 / FAA-H-8083-25 FAA-H-8083-3 FAR /AIM Private Pilot Ground Course / David Griffith, CFI, AGI, M.Ed. Aerospace Phone: (865) 675-8698 Email: davidmgriff@yahoo.com Lesson G19 CROSS COUNTRY FLIGHT PLANNING LESSON OBJECTIVE: During this lesson, the student will be introduced to additional concepts associated with cross country flight planning. CONTENT: Dead Reckoning Calculating Various Airspeeds E6B COMPLETION STANDARDS: At the completion of this lesson, the student will have knowledge of additional concepts associated with cross country flight planning. REQUIRED STUDY: AC 61-23 / FAA-H-8083-25 FAA-H-8083-3 FAR /AIM Private Pilot Ground Course / David Griffith, CFI, AGI, M.Ed. Aerospace Phone: (865) 675-8698 Email: davidmgriff@yahoo.com Lesson G20 CROSS COUNTRY FLIGHT PLANNING LESSON OBJECTIVE: During this lesson, the student will be introduced to additional concepts associated with cross country flight planning. CONTENT: Diversion Procedures Alternate Planning Lost Procedures COMPLETION STANDARDS: At the completion of this lesson, the student will have knowledge of additional concepts associated with cross country flight planning. REQUIRED STUDY: AC 61-23 / FAA-H-8083-25 FAA-H-8083-3 FAR /AIM Private Pilot Ground Course / David Griffith, CFI, AGI, M.Ed. Aerospace Phone: (865) 675-8698 Email: davidmgriff@yahoo.com Lesson G21 AIRSPACE & COMMUNICATIONS LESSON OBJECTIVE: During this lesson, a review of airspace and communication requirements will be conducted. CONTENT: Class A Class B Class C Class D Class E Class G Runway and Taxiway Signs, Markings, and Lighting at Tower-Controlled Fields TRSA Communications FSS Communications Tower Communications Approach Control Departure Control Clearance Delivery ATC Light Gun Signals COMPLETION STANDARDS: At the completion of this lesson, the student will be familiar with various classes of airspace and their associated communication requirements. REQUIRED STUDY: AC 61-23 / FAA-H-8083-25 FAA-H-8083-3 FAR /AIM Private Pilot Ground Course / David Griffith, CFI, AGI, M.Ed. Aerospace Phone: (865) 675-8698 Email: davidmgriff@yahoo.com Lesson G22 ELECTRONIC AIDS TO NAVIGATION LESSON OBJECTIVE: During this lesson, the student will be introduced to electronic aids to navigation. CONTENT: VOR Tuning and Identifying VOR Intercepting and Tracking ADF / NDB Tuning and Identifying ADF / NDB Homing ADF / NDB Intercepting and Tracking ADF / NDB Errors COMPLETION STANDARDS: At the completion of this lesson, the student will knowledge of VOR tuning, identifying, tracking, and NDB tuning, intercepting, tracking. The student will also be aware of NDB errors. REQUIRED STUDY: AC 61-23 / FAA-H-8083-25 FAA-H-8083-3 AIM Private Pilot Ground Course / David Griffith, CFI, AGI, M.Ed. Aerospace Phone: (865) 675-8698 Email: davidmgriff@yahoo.com Lesson G23 INSTRUMENT FLYING LESSON OBJECTIVE: During this lesson, the student will be introduced to basic attitude instrument flying and recovery from unusual flight attitudes. CONTENT: Basic Attitude Instrument Flight Instrument Scan and Crosscheck Unusual Flight Attitude (Nose High) Recovery Unusual Flight Attitude (Nose Low) Recovery Full Panel Instrument Flying Partial Panel Instrument Flying COMPLETION STANDARDS: At the completion of this lesson, the student will have an introductory knowledge of basic attitude instrument flying and the theory behind unusual attitude recoveries. REQUIRED STUDY: AC 61-23 / FAA-H-8083-25 FAA-H-8083-3 Private Pilot Ground Course / David Griffith, CFI, AGI, M.Ed. Aerospace Phone: (865) 675-8698 Email: davidmgriff@yahoo.com Lesson G24 CROSS COUNTRY FLIGHT PLANNING EXERCISE LESSON OBJECTIVE: During this lesson, the student will be introduced to an actual cross country flight planning exercise. CONTENT: Cross Country Planning Exercise COMPLETION STANDARDS: At the completion of this lesson, the student will be able to plan a cross country flight and determine the suitability of proceeding with the flight based upon the conditions found during the planning process. REQUIRED STUDY: AC 61-23 / FAA-H-8083-25 FAA-H-8083-3 FAR /AIM A/FD VFR Sectional VFR Terminal Area Chart Private Pilot Ground Course / David Griffith, CFI, AGI, M.Ed. Aerospace Phone: (865) 675-8698 Email: davidmgriff@yahoo.com Lesson G25 NIGHT FLYING LESSON OBJECTIVE: During this lesson, the student will be introduced to night flying concepts. CONTENT: Night Flying Overview The Eye Applicable FARs Night Illusions Night Vision Night Scanning Aircraft Lighting Airport Lighting Pilot Equipment for Night Flight Chart Use at Night Night Flight Preparations Night Emergencies COMPLETION STANDARDS: At the completion of this lesson, the student will have knowledge of basic night flying concepts. REQUIRED STUDY: AC 61-23 / FAA-H-8083-25 FAA-H-8083-3 FAR /AIM Private Pilot Ground Course / David Griffith, CFI, AGI, M.Ed. Aerospace Phone: (865) 675-8698 Email: davidmgriff@yahoo.com Lesson G26 KNOWLEDGE TEST LESSON OBJECTIVE: The objective of this lesson is to evaluate the students comprehension of the material presented in the Private Pilot Training Course ground lessons. CONTENT: Private Pilot Knowledge Test COMPLETION STANDARDS: In order to complete the ground portion of the Private Pilot Training Course, the student must score at least 70% on the Private Pilot Knowledge Test. Private Pilot Ground Course / David Griffith, CFI, AGI, M.Ed. Aerospace Phone: (865) 675-8698 Email: davidmgriff@yahoo.com Lesson G27 - OPTIONAL SPIN RECOVERY AND AWARENESS LESSON OBJECTIVE: During this lesson, the student will be introduced to spin awareness and spin recovery techniques. CONTENT: ELEMENTS OF SPINS · Aerodynamics of spins · Airplanes approved for the spin maneuver based on airworthiness category and type certificate · Relationship of various factors such as configuration, weight, center of gravity, and control coordination to spins · Flight situations where unintentional spins may occur · How to recognize and recover from imminent, unintentional spins · Control technique to maintain a stabilized spin · Orientation during a spin · Hazards of spins during normal stall or spin recovery · Recovery technique and minimum recovery altitude for intentional spins · Anxiety factors associated with spin instruction COMMON ERRORS RELATED TO SPINS · Failure to establish specified configuration prior to spin entry · Failure to achieve and maintain a full stall during spin entry · Failure to close throttle when a spin entry is achieved · Failure to recognize the indications of an imminent, unintentional spin · Improper use of flight controls during spin entry, rotation or recovery · Disorientation during a spin · Failure to distinguish between a high speed spiral and a spin · Excessive speed or accelerated stall during recovery · Failure to recover with minimum loss of altitude · Hazards of attempting to spin an airplane not approved for spins COMPLETION STANDARDS: At the completion of this lesson, the student will have an introductory knowledge of spin awareness and spin recovery techniques. Introduction Attention/Motivation To the misinformed pilot a spin and tight steep spiral can look quite similar. However, the recovery techniques are quite different and attempting to recover from a spin with a steep spiral technique will only make a bad situation worse. An understanding of spins and spin recovery is important because spins can develop suddenly and unintentionally if the pilot becomes distracted or uses poor stall recovery technique. Overview This lesson discusses elements of spins and spin recovery, and common errors related to spins and spin recovery. DEVELOPMENT Elements of spins Aerodynamics of spins · A spin is a condition where the airplane is autorotating around the longitudinal axis with one wing     partially stalled and the other fully stalled · In a spin the airplane is moving straight down in a corkscrew path · A spin is caused when the airplane stalls with a side slip or yaw (uncoordinated flight) Phases of a spin: Entry Phase · The pilot provides the necessary elements for the spin, either unintentionally or intentionally · Choose an area that has suitable emergency landing areas · Choose an altitude that will allow recovery no lower than 1500 feet AGL · Begin with a stall in the specified configuration · As the airplane approaches a full stall smoothly apply full rudder in the direction of the desired spin · Use neutral ailerons and full aft elevator Incipient Phase · From the time the airplane stalls and rotation starts until the spin has fully developed · This may take up to two full rotations · Aerodynamic forces and inertial forces have not yet achieved a balance · As the incipient spin is developing the airspeed indicator should be near or below the stall speed · The turn coordinator will indicate the direction of the spin Developed Phase · The airplane’s angular rotation rate, airspeed, and vertical speed are stabilized · The airplane’s flight path is vertical or near vertical · Aerodynamic forces and inertial forces are in balance · The spin is in equilibrium Recovery Phase · Occurs when the angle of attack of the wings decrease below the critical angle of attack, and autorotation slows · The angle of attack will decrease and the rotation will stop · To recover control inputs must be introduced to disrupt the spin equilibrium by stopping the rotation and stall Recovery Steps . Reduce Power   Power makes the spin worse   Results in a flatter spin with a faster rotation rate . Position the Ailerons to Neutral   Aileron input in the direction of the spin could make the spin faster   Aileron input in the direction opposite the spin can cause the wing with the down   aileron to become even more stalled making recovery more difficult . Apply Full Opposite Rudder   Rudder pedal should be at the stop   If unsure which direction to apply rudder due to disorientation, use the turn coordinator to determine   spin direction . Apply a Positive and Brisk, Forward Elevator Control Pressure   This will lower the angle of attack . After the Spin Rotation Stops, Neutralize Rudder   If rudder input is left in, a spin in the opposite direction could occur . Apply Smooth Elevator Back Pressure to Raise the Nose to Level Flight   Abrupt control movements could cause a secondary or accelerated stall Preflight Before attempting to perform intentional spins perform a thorough preflight to include: (1) Ensuring the airplane does not have any spin limitations and/or complying with any spin limitations   (Weights, CG ranges, flap settings, etc.) to ensure the airplane remains in the utility category.   Also note: With an aft CG the elevator has less effective arm, and recovery could be more difficult. (2) Securing loose items in the cabin REQUIRED STUDY: Booklet “Spin Characteristics of Cessna Models 150, A150, 152, A152, 172, R172 & 177" POH FAA-H-8083-3 FAR /AIM including FAR 91.307 (c) and (d) Advisory Circular 61-67c (www.faa.gov) SUGGESTED STUDY: "The Basic Aerobatic Manual" by William Kershner "Surviving Spins" by Fred Delacerda Private Pilot Ground Course / David Griffith, CFI, AGI, M.Ed. Aerospace Phone: (865) 675-8698 Email: davidmgriff@yahoo.com